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CALYPSO: Private Data Management for Decentralized Ledgers

Eleftherios Kokoris-Kogias, Enis Ceyhun Alp, Linus Gasser, Philipp Jovanovic, Ewa Syta, and Bryan Ford

47th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB 2021)
Copenhagen, Denmark – August 16-20, 2021

Abstract:

Distributed ledgers provide high availability and integrity, making them a key enabler for practical and secure computation of distributed workloads among mutually distrustful parties. Many practical applications also require strong confidentiality, however, the third pillar of the CIA triad. In this work, we enhance permissioned and permissionless blockchains with the ability to manage confidential data without forfeiting availability or decentralization. More specifically, Calypso, the system we propose, sets out to achieve two orthogonal goals that challenge modern distributed ledgers: (a) enable the auditable management of secrets and (b) protect distributed computations against arbitrage attacks when their results depend on the ordering and secrecy of inputs.

To this end, Calypso introduces on-chain secrets, a novel abstraction that enforces atomic deposition of an auditable trace whenever users access confidential data. Calypso provides user-controlled consent management that ensures revocation atomicity and accountable anonymity. Finally, to enable the permissionless deployment of Calypso, we introduce an incentive scheme and provide users with the option to select their preferred trustees. We evaluated our Calypso prototype with a confidential document sharing application and a decentralized lottery. Our benchmarks show that the latency of processing transactions increases linearly to the added security (in number of trustees) and is in the range of 0.2 to 8 seconds for 16 to 128 trustees.

Extended version: PDF ePrint

Conference version (VLDB 2021): PDF ACM

Workshop version (HotPETS 2016): PDF


Topics: Security Privacy Cryptography Blockchain Bryan Ford