Related Work

• UDP hole punching: [Kegel 1999]

  • Voice over IP: SIP/ICE [Rosenberg 2003]

• Asymmetric TCP hole punching

  • NUTSS, NATBLASTER, NatTrav
  • Sometimes compensate for bad NAT behaviors, but more complex, timing-sensitive

• Proxy protocols

  • SOCKS, RSIP, MIDCOM, UpnP require explicit NAT support, user setup